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Cyst - General Surgery Lecture for BDS Students
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Prof. Dr. Zahid Mahmood
Prof. Dr. Zahid Mahmood
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2026-06-16T13:46:33Z
2026-06-16T13:46:33Z
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بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ CYSTGeneral Surgery Lecture for BDS StudentsProf. Dr. Zahid MahmoodProfessor of Surgery, Lahore Medical and Dental CollegeMBBS, FCPS | General & Laparoscopic Surgeon, ProctologistProf. Dr. Zahid Mahmood | Surgery | BDS Lecture: Cyst1PK
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Learning OutcomesDefine a cyst and a pseudocystClassify cysts by origin and causeDescribe clinical features of cystic swellingsOutline management of common surgical cysts By the end of this session, students will achieve these objectives.Prof. Dr. Zahid Mahmood | Surgery | BDS Lecture: Cyst2PK
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Definition of a CystAbnormal sac containing fluid or semisolid materialLined internally by epithelium or endotheliumEnclosed by a fibrous connective tissue wallCan occur in almost any body tissue A cyst is one of the commonest surgical swellings encountered in practice.Prof. Dr. Zahid Mahmood | Surgery | BDS Lecture: Cyst3PK
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Structure of a True CystOuter fibrous capsule gives structural supportInner epithelial or endothelial lining presentCentral cavity filled with fluid or debrisLining cells secrete or absorb cyst contents Three layers define every true cyst: capsule, lining and contents.Prof. Dr. Zahid Mahmood | Surgery | BDS Lecture: Cyst4PK
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True Cyst vs PseudocystTrue cyst always has an epithelial liningPseudocyst lacks any true epithelial liningPseudocyst wall is made of fibrous tissueExample: a pancreatic pseudocyst after acute pancreatitis The lining is the key feature that separates the two.Prof. Dr. Zahid Mahmood | Surgery | BDS Lecture: Cyst5PK
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Classification of CystsCongenital cysts are present since birthAcquired cysts develop later during lifeAcquired types: retention, exudation, implantation, parasiticNeoplastic and degenerative cysts complete the list Classifying by origin guides diagnosis and treatment planning.Prof. Dr. Zahid Mahmood | Surgery | BDS Lecture: Cyst6PK
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Congenital Cysts: OverviewResult from abnormal embryological developmentCommon examples: dermoid, branchial, thyroglossal cystsCystic hygroma is also a congenital lesionOften noticed early in childhood These swellings trace back to errors of fetal development.Prof. Dr. Zahid Mahmood | Surgery | BDS Lecture: Cyst7PK
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Dermoid CystCongenital inclusion cyst along embryonic fusion linesContains skin appendages: hair, sebum, sometimes teethCommon sites: face, scalp, neck, ovaryTreated by complete surgical excision Insert clinical photo:Dermoid CystProf. Dr. Zahid Mahmood | Surgery | BDS Lecture: Cyst8PK
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Thyroglossal CystArises from remnants of the thyroglossal ductFound in the midline of the neckCharacteristically moves upward on tongue protrusionTreated with Sistrunk's operation Insert clinical photo:Thyroglossal CystProf. Dr. Zahid Mahmood | Surgery | BDS Lecture: Cyst9PK
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Branchial CystDevelops from branchial cleft remnantsFound along anterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscleTypically presents in young adultsManaged by complete surgical excision Insert clinical photo:Branchial CystProf. Dr. Zahid Mahmood | Surgery | BDS Lecture: Cyst10PK
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Cystic HygromaCongenital malformation of lymphatic vesselsCommonly found in the posterior triangle of neckSoft, fluctuant, and brilliantly transilluminant swellingTreated with sclerotherapy or surgical excision Insert clinical photo:Cystic HygromaProf. Dr. Zahid Mahmood | Surgery | BDS Lecture: Cyst11PK
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